| Sr.No. |
Terminology & Definition/Description |
| 1 |
Allele
An alternative form of a gene |
| 2 |
Amorph
A silent gene |
| 3 |
Angelman syndrome
a rare genetically inherited form of mental retardation |
| 4 |
Autosome
Synonymous with somatic chromosomes |
| 5 |
Chimera
An exceptionally rare person composed of the cells derived from different zygotes |
| 6 |
Chromosome
Rod-shaped or thread-like structures located within the cell nucleus that carry genes encoded by DNA |
| 7 |
Cloned gene
A recombinant DNA molecule along with the gene of interest |
| 8 |
Consanguinity
Having a common ancestor, i.e., blood relations |
| 9 |
Crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| 10 |
Cross-pollination
Mating of two genetically different plants (but of the same species). |
| 11 |
Dizygotic twins
Twins produced from two separate ova, which are separately fertilized |
| 12 |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Composed of nucleic acids, DNA encodes the genes that facilitate genetic information to be passed to offspring. |
| 13 |
Evolution
Genetic change in a population of organisms over period of time |
| 14 |
Gamete
A reproductive sex cell (i.e. ovum or sperm) |
| 15 |
Gene
Units of inheritance typically occurring at specific locations (a chromosome) |
| 16 |
Gene Pool
All of the genes in all of the individuals in a breeding population |
| 17 |
Gene Flow
The transference of genes from one population to another |
| 18 |
Genetic Drift
Evolution, or change in gene pool frequencies, resulting from a random chance |
| 19 |
Genetics
Study of gene structure, action, and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring |
| 20 |
Genome
The full genetic complement of a species |
| 21 |
Genomic imprinting
The epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner |
| 22 |
Genotype
Genetic constitution of a cell (of an individual organism) |
| 23 |
Gout
Genetically inherited metabolic disorder (or a type of arthritis) |
| 24 |
Hemophilia
Genetic disorder (largely inherited), problem in blood clotting |
| 25 |
Heterozygous
A cell containing two different alleles of a gene |
| 26 |
Huntington's disease
An inherited disorder that results into death of brain cells |
| 27 |
Hybrid
Combining the qualities of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species (also known as crossbreed) |
| 28 |
Mutation
Change that occurs in DNA sequence |
| 29 |
Observable characteristics or traits of an individual resulting from the interaction between genotype and the environment |
| 30 |
Pleiotropy
When one gene influences two or more apparently unrelated phenotypic traits |
| 31 |
Psoriasis
An inherited disease categorized by recurring thick, reddish patches on skin |
| 32 |
Syntenic
Genes occurring on the same chromosome |
| 33 |
Zygote
The fertilized egg is known as zygote |
